History of C++
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[编辑] 早期的C + +
- 1979年第一个实现的类原文:1979: C with Classes first implemented
#的新特性:类,成员函数,派生类,单独编译,公共和私人的访问控制,朋友,类型检查的功能参数,默认参数,内联函数,重载赋值运算符,构造函数,析构函数,F()F相同(无效),呼叫功能和返回功能(同步功能,在C + +)
原文:
# New features: classes, member functions, derived classes, separate compilation, public and private access control, friends, type checking of function arguments, default arguments, inline functions, overloaded assignment operator, constructors, destructors, f() same as f(void), call-function and return-function (synchronization features, not in C++)
#库的并行任务库(C + +)
原文:
# Libraries: the concurrent task library (not in C++)
- 1982年:C类参考手册“原文:1982: C with Classes reference manual published
- 1984年:C84实现,参考手册“原文:1984: C84 implemented, reference manual published
- 1985年:Cfront的1.0
#的新特性:虚函数,函数和运算符重载,引用,new和delete运算符,关键字const,范围解析运算符
原文:
# New features: virtual functions, function and operator overloading, references, new and delete operators, the keyword const, scope resolution operator
图书馆添置复杂,字符串一样,iostream
原文:
# Library additions: complex, string, iostream
- 1985年:C + +编程语言,第1版原文:1985: The C++ Programming Language, 1st edition
- 1989年:Cfront的2.0
#的新特性:多重继承,指向成员的指针,访问受保护的,类型安全的联动,抽象类,static和const成员函数,类特定的new和delete
原文:
# New features: multiple inheritance, pointers to members, protected access, type-safe linkage, abstract classes, static and const member functions, class-specific new and delete
#库增加I / O操纵
原文:
# Library additions: I/O manipulators
- 1990年:在带注释的C + +参考手册原文:1990: The Annotated C++ Reference Manual
这本书描述语言设计,包括一些新的功能尚未实现。它作为事实上的标准,直到ISO.
原文:
This book described the language as designed, including some features that were not yet implemented. It served as the de-facto standard until the ISO.
#新功能:命名空间,异常处理,嵌套类
原文:
# New features: namespaces, exception handling, nested classes
- 1991年:Cfront的3.0
- 1991年:C + +程序设计语言(第二版)原文:1991: The C++ Programming Language, 2nd edition
[编辑] 标准C + +
- 1990年ANSI C + +委员会成立
- 1991 ISO C + +委员会成立
- 1998
C++98
(ISO/IEC 14882:1998)
#的新特性:RTTI(dynamic_cast的,typeid的),协变返回类型,类型转换操作符,可变的,布尔值,声明的条件下,模板实例化,成员模板,出口
原文:
# New features: RTTI (dynamic_cast, typeid), covariant return types, cast operators, mutable, bool, declarations in conditions, template instantiations, member templates, export
#库补充:容器,算法,迭代器,函数对象(STL),语言环境,valarray的,auto_ptr的,模板化的字符串,iostream的,复杂的,bitset的.
原文:
# Library additions: containers, algorithms, iterators, function objects (based on STL), locales, bitset, valarray, auto_ptr, templatized string, iostream, and complex.
- 1998年的C + +编程语言,第三版原文:1998 The C++ Programming Language, 3rd edition
- 2003
C++03
(ISO/IEC 14882:2003)
这是一个轻微的修订,目的是多一点的技术更正
原文:
This was a minor revision, intended to be little more than a technical corrigendum
#新功能:值初始化
固定缺陷报告:125 defects,包括的缺陷69,std :: vector的连续.
原文:
# Defect Reports fixed: 125 defects, including defect 69, which made std::vector contiguous.
- {{{1}}}
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TR是一个C + +库的扩展的C + +标准库,它增加了以下内容:
原文:
This TR is a C++ library extension, which adds the following to the C++ standard library:
#从Boost:参考包装,智能指针,成员函数,结果,绑定,功能,类型特征,随机的,数学的特殊功能,元组,数组,无序的容器(包括散列)和正则表达式.
原文:
# From Boost: Reference wrapper, Smart pointers, Member function, Result Of, Bind, Function, Type Traits, Random, Mathematical Special Functions, Tuple, Array, Unordered Containers (including Hash), and Regular Expressions.
#C99:数学函数math.h中,新的C99,空白字符类中,浮点环境,hexfloat I / O机械手,固定大小的整数类型,long long类型,va_copy的snprintf()和vscanf ()系列函数,和C99转换指定printf()和scanf()系列函数.
原文:
# From C99: mathematical functions from math.h that were new in C99, blank character class, Floating-point environment, hexfloat I/O Manipulator, fixed-size integral types, the long long type, va_copy, the snprintf() and vscanf() families of functions, and the C99 conversion specifies for printf() and scanf() families of functions.
TR1除了特殊功能在C + +11,细微的变化.
原文:
All of TR1 except for the special functions was included in C++11, with minor changes.
- {{{1}}}
这TR是一个C + +标准库的扩展,它增加的特殊功能,是的TR1的一部分,但被不包含在C + +11:椭圆积分,指数积分,拉盖尔多项式,勒让德多项式,Hermite多项式,贝塞尔函数,纽曼功能,β函数,黎曼zeta函数.
原文:
This TR is a C++ standard library extension, which adds the special functions that were part of TR1, but were not included in C++11: elliptic integrals, exponential integral, Laguerre polynomials, Legendre polynomials, Hermite polynomials, Bessel functions, Newmann functions, beta function, and Riemann zeta function.
- 2011
C++11
(ISO/IEC 14882:2011) (ISO Store) (ANSI Store) (Post-publication draft).
大量的变化,规范现有的实践和提高的抽象的C + +程序员
原文:
A large number of changes were introduced to both standardize existing practices and improve the abstractions available to the C++ programmers
#新的语言功能:自动和decltype,拖欠和删除的功能,最终和覆盖,后返回类型,右值引用,move构造函数/移动分配,范围枚举,constexpr和文本类型,列表初始化,委托和继承的构造函数,括号或等于初始值设定项,nullptr,很长很长,char16_t和char32_t类型的别名,可变参数模板,广义工会,广义的POD,Unicode字符串,用户自定义的文字,属性,lambda表达式,noexcept,alignof和alignas的,多线程的内存模型,线程本地存储,GC接口(一个Boost库的基础上),静态断言(一个Boost库的基础上)
原文:
# New language features: auto and decltype, defaulted and deleted functions, final and override, trailing return type, rvalue references, move constructors/move assignment, scoped enums, constexpr and literal types, list initialization, delegating and inherited constructors, brace-or-equal initializers, nullptr, long long, char16_t and char32_t, type aliases, variadic templates, generalized unions, generalized PODs, Unicode string literals, user-defined literals, attributes, lambda expressions, noexcept, alignof and alignas, multithreaded memory model, thread-local storage, GC interface, range for (based on a Boost library), static assertions (based on a Boost library)
#新的库功能:原子操作库,安置()和其他用途的右值引用现有的库遍及全国各地,标准的初始状态和范围内的分配器,forward_list,计时库,比库,新的算法,Unicode转换方面
原文:
# New library features: atomic operations library, emplace() and other use of rvalue references throughout all parts of the existing library, std::initializer_list, stateful and scoped allocators, forward_list, chrono library, ratio library, new algorithms, Unicode conversion facets
#从TR1:TR1除了特殊功能.
原文:
# From TR1: all of TR1 except Special Functions.
#从Boost线程库,exception_ptr,ERROR_CODE和error_condition,迭代改进(STD ::开始之前,性病::年底,性病::下,性病::先前)
原文:
# From Boost: The thread library, exception_ptr, error_code and error_condition, iterator improvements (std::begin, std::end, std::next, std::prev)
#从C:C-Unicode转换功能
原文:
# From C: C-style Unicode conversion functions
#缺陷报告的363 defects解决后,由2008年的草案,并322 defects解决。显着的缺陷包括530的std :: basic_string的对象,连续.
原文:
# Defect Reports fixed: 363 defects resolved by the 2008 draft and 322 defects resolved after. Notable defects include 530, which made std::basic_string objects contiguous.
- {{{1}}}
TR实现的十进制浮点类型的std ::十进制:: decimal32的std ::十进制:: decimal64,和std ::十进制:: decimal128 IEEE 754-2008标准的浮点运算:.
原文:
This TR implements the decimal floating-point types from IEEE 754-2008 Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic: std::decimal::decimal32, std::decimal::decimal64, and std::decimal::decimal128.
[编辑] 未来的发展
- 2013年的C + +编程语言,第4版原文:2013 The C++ Programming Language, 4th edition
- 库扩展TR2
下一组库扩展是开放的建议
原文:
The next set of library extensions is open for proposals
提升:文件系统(附带的Visual Studio自2011年起),网络
原文:
# From boost: filesystem (shipped by Visual Studio since 2011), networking
- C++1x
下一个版本的C + +标准是开放的提案
原文:
The next revision of the C++ standard is open for proposals