Well, you could always use Win32, but if you don't feel like jumping into something that big, there are other Libraries / APIs to do so. SFML, Qt, SDL... there is a lot. But in my experience, if you aren't good with setting up external libraries, than I would just download the Qt Creator with MinGW.
You can use really anything for arithmetic. Just basic C++ with no headers can do basic arithmetic. If you need more advanced stuff, just include <cmath> at the top of your project. It is built in to pretty much all compilers.
qt is a widely used program for user interfaces, however, I'm not sure it's the direction you want to go for gaming. For loaders, menu screens, etc it's great but for gaming itself it's better to go for a graphical library.
That stated, I'd recommend SDL. It eases you in quite nicely, even in regards to learning external api's, and has quite a bit of depth to explore as you learn things! It gives you a foundation of working with graphical api's, is built using open gl/el, and can work side by side with open gl/el.
Look up lazyfoo if you intend to go this route, his tutorials are excellent, even though a little outdated. Start from SDL1.3, and once you have the basics down switch to 2.0, learn about rendering, then if you feel bold, dive into opengl, and start learning about pipelines.
The nice thing about SDL is it's cross platform(windows, linux, ios, etc), and has open doors to more advanced methods that professional game studios use.
TL;DR if you want to learn something that will help you later on if you want to get into graphical programming, or something that won't lock you in with just one operating system then check out sdl.
@wildblue I remove the setprecision () ; declaration and it worked fine, just that the output wasn't what I was expecting.
Output: 3.142857............
But 22/7 should give me the value for pie=3.14159...........
Even with this I don't get the exact value of PI in return.
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#define PI 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209
using namespace std;
int main () {
cout<<setprecision(100)<<endl;
double a = PI * 1.0;
cout<<a<<endl;
return 0;
}